![]() ![]() Industrially, elemental chlorine is usually produced by the electrolysis of sodium chloride dissolved in water. Common chloride minerals include halite ( sodium chloride), sylvite ( potassium chloride), and carnallite (potassium magnesium chloride hexahydrate). Most chloride salts are soluble in water, thus, chloride-containing minerals are usually only found in abundance in dry climates or deep underground. Even higher concentrations of chloride are found in the Dead Sea and in underground brine deposits. In nature, chlorine is found mainly as the chloride ion, a component of the salt that is deposited in the earth or dissolved in the oceans-about 1.9% of the mass of seawater is chloride ions. After its first use, it was utilised by both sides as a chemical weapon. It is alleged that his role in the use of chlorine as a deadly weapon drove his wife to suicide. It was pioneered by a German scientist later to be a Nobel laureate, Fritz Haber. Chlorine was given its current name in 1810 by Sir Humphry Davy, who insisted that it was in fact an element.Ĭhlorine gas, also known as bertholite, was first used as a weapon against humans in World War I by Germany on April 22nd, 1915. As the chloride ion, Cl –, it is also the most abundant dissolved species in ocean water.Ĭhlorine was discovered in 1774 by Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele, who called it dephlogisticated marine acid (see Phlogiston theory) and mistakenly thought it contained oxygen. This element is a member of the salt-forming halogen series and is extracted from chlorides through oxidation often by electrolysis. At 10 ° C one litre of water dissolves 3.10 litres of gaseous chlorine and at 30 ☌ only 1.77 litres. It combines readily with nearly all other elements, although it is not as extremely reactive as fluorine. ![]() Chlorine is a powerful oxidant and is used in bleaching and disinfectants.Ĭhlorine gas is diatomic with the formula Cl 2. It has a disagreeable suffocating odour and is poisonous. In its elemental form under standard conditions, it is a pale green gas about 2.5 times as dense as air. As the chloride ion, which is part of common salt and other compounds, it is abundant in nature and necessary to most forms of life, including humans. It is a halogen, found in the periodic table in group 17. Chlorine ( IPA: /ˈklɔːriːn/, Greek: χλωρóς chloros, meaning "pale green"), is the chemical element with atomic number 17 and symbol Cl. ![]()
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